Übersicht
A redirect changes the URL, in browser, from one URL to another. A variety of redirect codes exist to force a variety of behaviors in the browser (or spider).
Verwendung
All redirects are controlled through a .htaccess file in the Dokumentenstamm of your target domain oder Subdomain. The following stanza is a common, and simple redirect if the URL is www.example.com, then redirect to example.com:
RewriteEngine On
RewriteBase /
RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^www.example.com$
RewriteRule ^(.*)$ http://example.com/$1 [R,L]
Likewise, a converse rule to redirect example.com to www.example.com would be a minor alteration of RewriteCond und RewriteRule:
RewriteEngine On
RewriteBase /
RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^example.com$
RewriteRule ^(.*)$ http://www.example.com/$1 [R,L]
Notice the difference? RewriteCond stands for “rewrite condition” and RewriteRule “rewrite rule”. That is to say, if this condition matches, apply this rule, which consists of a regular expression substitution, to the current URL. Rewrites operate using regular expressions, in particular Perl-compatible (“PCRE”).
Required components
A redirect always requires two crucial components:
RewriteEngine On RewriteBase /
RewriteEngine On enables URL rewriting. RewriteBase / anchors all rules to the current directory. [su_highlight]RewriteBase is absolutely necessary when used with addon domains and subdomains.[/su_highlight]
The following examples will omit these 2 lines for brevity:
Examples
Redirect to SSL
RewriteCond %{HTTPS} !^on$
RewriteRule ^(.*)$ https://%{HTTP_HOST}/$1 [R,L]
Discussion: look for an environment variable called HTTPS. Whenever SSL is used, this variable is set by the web server. If no flag is set, assume normal HTTP traffic. Redirect to SSL (https) and keep the hostname (%{HTTP_HOST}) + URL path ($1, captured from left-side)
Redirect codes
An optional number may be added onto a R flag to specify a redirect code. By default a 302 is sent in a redirect response. The following redirect codes may be used by changing R an R=XXX, where XXX is one of the following codes:
[su_table]
| Code | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| 301 | Moved Permanently | Resource is no longer accessible under URL, use new URL |
| 302 | Found | URL resides temporarily under new resource, continue to use this URL |
| 303 | See Other | Response resides elsewhere and should be retrieved using a GET; used mostly with POST requests |
| 307 | Temporary Redirect | URL resides elsewhere; new location may differ on different requests. Continue to use this URL in future. |
| 308 | Permanent Redirect | Similar to 301, works with POST, but experimental |
[/su_table]
Siehe auch
- Introduction to regular expressions and mod_rewrite (httpd.apache.org)
- URL rewriting with mod_rewrite (httpd.apache.org)